Confined spaces are those that have open tops but are so deep that the natural flow of air is disturbed and also include spaces that are enclosed and have very small openings for entry.  Examples of these spaces include manholes, vaults, storage tanks and pipes. Due the lack of circulation, certain hazardous conditions can be created. Toxic atmospheres can be found in spaces that have products that can release toxic gases. Certain actions such as cutting and welding can also release the toxins that may have been absorbed by the walls and floor. Oxygen may also be deficient in confined spaces and must always be entered using breathing equipment. Chemical reactions can also cause the oxygen levels to decrease and be replaced by other gases such as carbon dioxide. Flammable gases may also be present and can start fire if there is spark from any equipment used.  

Platinum safety and training train workers for confined space services by offering a wide variety of practical courses. Work should be done quickly in such spaces and necessary precautions should always be taken. The content of the training depends on the type of industry that the training is being catered to. The following factors are taken into account when training: 

• Some confined spaces require permits that have to be filled and then an attendant and supervisor are also added to the task to provide extra safety. Certain assessments are made to check for potential or existing hazards which then warrants a permit.  
• Employees should always have the proper tools to get out of the spaces if the hazard poses as an actual threat to their life. Training for confined space services in Sydney include hazard recognition and how to control them should the occasion arise. The more familiar the employees are with the symptoms of the hazard, the better they can identify them before they get bout of hand. Workers should not become over confident as this can lead to them making mistakes that could be fatal. 
• Personal protective equipment is a must for all employees and they should know how to use it properly. This includes respirators, safety goggles and masks. Attendants must also know the proper usage of all tool involved to help the worker in the field and to tackle emergency situations. 
• Monitoring devices help workers be aware of their surroundings in a confined space and also help make an assessment before actually entering it. The level of oxygen and any risk of flammable and toxic gases should be known beforehand. Training includes the maintenance of these devices as well so that they do not fail you in the future. 
• Human error should always be taken into account. Workers should not be fatigued or stressed while performing a job as this can lead to mistakes which they cannot afford. They should have enough self-awareness to know if they are capable of doing the job or not.